1980s-1990s Restoration as Catalyst of Urban Modernisation

In 1980s, a restoration process of Beyoğlu district began with a pedestrianisation of İstiklal Avenue. The restoration was motivated by the need to modernise Istanbul: “Neither physical urban structure nor urban services were then sufficient to satisfy the growing demands of the modern society of Beyoglu, so government regulations strove to upgrade the existing structure” (Dokmeci, 155). The site was chosen due to its convenient and central location, its access to transportation arteries – perhaps a legacy of Gavand’s project – and its distinguished architectural character. The result was not only a complete restoration of the street’s past popularity and charm, but also a revitalisation of its neighbourhood. Istiklal has since become the venue of the Istanbul Film Festival, Annual Istanbul Pride parades, and many city-wide events.

“Pedestrianisation of the main street, together with restoration of buildings and facades, has sparked the revitalisation of Beyoglu: new national and international businesses offering different qualities and prices; art activities; new restaurants, and coffee shops; pedestrians who are in turn attracted by the new business and cultural offerings” (Dokmeci, 164). 

Dokmeci interprets this effort to modernise as initially a response to local developmental needs, but also highlights the ways that Istiklal's transformation catalysed the modernisation of Beyoglu and Istanbul. Beyond basic needs, we also learn from the choice of location – this avenue steeped in history of Western influence – that Turkey’s modernisation has once again been aligned with westernisation.